LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



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Autobiographical Outlines 



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With an Appendix. 



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ROBT MOORE. 



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SEPTEMBER, 1886. 



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CINCINNATI 
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Copyright 
BY ROB'T MOORE. 

1887. 



OLD LANDMARKS 

AND 

Memories of Seventy Years. 



On the south side of Water Street, 
between Walnut Street and the ap- 
proach to the Suspension Bridge, there 
is yet standing (September, 1886) the 
veritable two-story brick dwelling-house 
occupied by Sheriff Heckwelder in the 
year 1817, who was then, or had been, 
the sheriff of Hamilton County, Ohio. 

The discovery of this old landmark, 
after a period of sixty-nine years, re- 
vived a flood of youthful memories ; 
and it was this discovery and these 
early memories that inspired the writer 
to prepare this little volume. 



4 AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL OUTLINES. 

My parents were natives of Scot- 
land. The old town of Lanark, and 
the region between said town and Glas- 
gow, near the river Clyde, were the 
nativities and the earliest homes of my 
parents. 

My grandfather More was a miller, 
who owned the site and the plant. 

My father was the oldest son, and 
was, therefore, according to the laws of 
the land, entitled to the succession; 
but this he abandoned for the benefit 
of others. 

Father early became expert in all 
manner of interior wood-work, and he 
also for a time followed the weaving of 
what was called lappet or figured shawls. 

My mother's maiden name was 
Agnes Fleming. She was the daughter 
of a large farmer, who died in the me- 
ridian of life, which event broke up the 
family. Agnes then learned tambour- 



MEMORIES OF SEVENTY YEARS. 5 

ing, and wrought at it so diligently as 
to earn about one hundred and fifty 
pounds sterling before her marriage. 

Many names of persons and places 
round about her early home did she 
relate to us children. Only a few of 
them do I now remember. Of the 
former there were the Marshalls, Ren- 
wicks, Crawfords, Cummings, Flemings, 
Gibsons, Turnbulls, Clendenings, Bal- 
fours, and many others. Of places, 
there were Glasgow, Kilmarnock, Ir- 
vine, Dumbarton, Hamilton, Paisley, 
Glasford, Renfrew, Whitebum, and 
others. 

The writer regrets that he did not 
keep a diary or record of all that early 
knowledge, that he might transmit it 
as it came from mother's lips. How 
interesting it would now be to me and 
my posterity ! 

My parents were married in the 



6 AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL OUTLINES. 

year 1798, and they emigrated to the 
western world in the year 1802, and 
were storm-tossed on shipboard for six 
weeks before reaching the port of New 
York. Head- winds at times so pre- 
vailed that vessels — the most of them 
slow-going — were ocean-bound from 
two to three months in making the 
western crossing. Therefore six weeks 
was counted a reasonable time. 

Those threatening long voyages de- 
terred many from attempting to cross 
the stormy sea, which caused so much 
suffering and many deaths ; therefore 
the early emigrants, before the era of 
steamships, were generally composed 
of the most courageous and determined 
class of men and women, as they did 
so migrate with a full knowledge of all 
the probabilities. 

The writer was born on the Hud- 
son side of Manhattan Island, a few 



MEMORIES OF SEVENTY YEARS. 7 

squares above the Battery, on the 19th 
day of December, 1805, and at a very 
early age became acquainted with the 
down-town streets and docks; and espe- 
cially does he remember the wooden 
bridge (from which he caught fish) that 
led from the Battery to the old fort that 
stood out in the Bay; and if memory 
serves, two other and similar forts stood 
out further up the Hudson. 

A mile or tw T o above the Battery 
was the old State Prison; and in this 
region, and lower down, was the landing 
place for the great rafts of pine and 
other logs that were brought down the 
Hudson River. Numerous saw-pits 
lined the shore, to utilize and work up 
these logs. Steam saw-mills were then 
very rare (if any). Therefore, the most 
of this rafted timber was cut by hand 
with the whip-saw. 

This region was also the boys' swim- 



8 AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL OUTLINES. 

ming ground, and I well remember how 
easy it was to swim on my first attempt 
to do so. Of course this was owing 
to the superior sustaining power of the 
briny water. 

When I was but two or three years 
of age, and yet in petticoats, my parents 
removed to Brooklyn. My Dither had 
engaged to execute some, interior work 
in a dwelling-house then in process of 
completion at the Navy-yard, for the 
use of the resident officers, and the 
removal was to prevent the great loss 
of time that would necessarily accrue 
by the frequertt crossings of the East 
River, subject as it was to fogs, to the 
shifting tides, and Winter storms. 

There were no steam ferries at that 
early period. The writer does, how- 
ever, remember a horse ferry-boat, that 
was generally so much out of breath 
as to be unable to stem the tides. 



MEMORIES OF SEVENTY YEARS. 9 

My father here became well ac- 
quainted with Commodore Rogers, of 
the frigate President, who was then, I be- 
lieve, in charge of the plant, and who, 
when I had strayed from home, found 
and returned me to mother, explaining 
when and where he found her little 
girl. 

(The writer is informed that this 
officer was the father of the late Com- 
modore Rogers, conspicuous in the late 
civil conflict, and who, I believe, died 
with the rank of Admiral, and who 
early in the war was sent to this city 
to superintend the alterations of the 
steamers Conestoga, Lexington, A. 0. 
Tyler, and other vessels, so as to fit 
them for the naval service in the West ; 
and in these alterations and fittings 
the writer largely assisted.) 

During the war of 1812 with Great 
Britain my parents resided in New 



10 AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL OUTLINES. 

York City, when it was rumored and 
expected that (he British, as they were 
called, would come in by the way of 
Long Island Sound, to bombard the city. 
Therefore great preparations were made 
to fortify Brooklyn Heights. Volun- 
teers were called for, and my father 
was one to respond, to assist in making 
platforms for the cannon. I was per- 
mitted to accompany him, and felt 
highly elated in being allowed to carry 
his hand-saw — held by me at shoulder, 
like a sword — when on the march to 
the ferry. 

The writer was also at the launch- 
ing of the steam frigate Fulton, at 
Brown's ship-yard, on the East River. 
This vessel was so constructed and 
fitted (it was said) as to be able to 
throw a deluge of hot water on the 
enemy. But peace came about before 
her completion. 



MEMORIES OF SEVENTY YEARS. 11 

The writer will now speak of the 
lint-stocks (I believe that was the 
name), or the manner of touching off 
cannon at that early period. At a 
military celebration wherein cannon 
were used on the Battery, six guns, 
more or less, were placed in position 
for a salute. When the word was 
given, one person with a lint-stock or 
a lighted match, perhaps two or three 
feet in length, commenced at the head 
of the line, touching off the first gun, 
then running to the second, and so on 
to the end; so by the time he returned 
to the head of the line the first gun 
was reloaded and ready for him, and 
a repetition went on until the end was * 
accomplished. 

At eight years of age I was put to 
school; and yet possess some of the 
school-books of that day— notedly 
Morse's School Geography, published in 



12 AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL OUTLINES. 

1812, and which then combined the ele- 
ments of astronomy. These branches 
are so interwoven that one can not be 
studied to advantage without the aid 
of the other. 

The writer will now describe a can- 
vas painting (illuminated at night) on 
the east side of Broadway, north of 
Wall Street, illustrating the marine 
carrying trade when France and Eng- 
land were at war. The figures were 
less than half-size, and represented a 
cow, with three human figures repre- 
senting France, England, and the 
United States. One of the figures 
appeared to be pulling the cow by the 
horns, another was pulling at the tail, 
while the third figure, representing the 
United States, was sitting on a stool 
milking away for dear life. 

The writer will here digress chro- 
nologically, and go forward to the year 



MEMORIES OF SEVENTY YEARS. 13 

1820, or thereabout, and describe a 
painting in this city, on the north side 
of Lower Market Street, a few doors 
east of Main Street. This painting, or 
sign, was attached to a tobacco-store, 
(Hopple's, I think,) and represented 
three human figures (small size) in the 
various attitudes of using the weed, 
with the following lines underneath : 

4 'We three agree the weed to use, 
One smokes, one snuffs, and the other chews." 

An elderly gentleman, whose name 
I have forgotten, maintained that the 
lines ran thus : 

" We three unite in one cause, 
One smokes, one snuffs, and the other chaws" 

We know that poets are allowed 
greater liberties than prose writers, 
therefore the reader can take his 
choice. Perhaps the latter was more 
in keeping with that day, as the 



14 AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL OUTLINES. 

border Kentuckians, the river men, and 
the lower elements of the city, often 
met in rough-and-tumble encounters, 
wherein gouging and chawing, as they 
pronounced it, were the main features. 
We will now return to New York, 
and to the year 1817, when the tide of 
emigration set in strongly toward the 
boundless West. My parents caught 
the infection, so that in the Spring of 
that year they packed some of their 
household goods, and with six children 
(two boys and four girls) they set out 
for Philadelphia; thence over the 
mountains to Pittsburg, which was the 
highway to the great West; thence 
by flatboat to Cincinnati, where they 
arrived early in June, and landed a 
little below Broadway, and soon after 
removed into a dwelling just west of 
the Heckwelder residence, before men- 
tioned, and exactly where the north 



MEMORIES OF SEVENTY YEARS. 15 

abutment, or rather the anchorage, of 
the Suspension Bridge now rests. 

My parents were here induced by 
the representations of some farmer im- 
migrants from the region of New York, 
then on their way to a settlement in 
Dearborn County, Indiana, to take an 
interest in the same, by entering 320 
acres of land in that region. Before 
doing so, however, my father took 
me with him on a prospecting visit to 
that locality. We left on foot, and 
followed the Ohio River road to Law- 
rencebnrg; thence thirteen or fourteen 
miles north-west the same day, making 
a forced march of well-nigh forty miles. 
The distance is only thirty-one or thirty- 
two miles by the more modern roads, 
but the divergence by the way of Law- 
renceburg and the sinuosities of the 
primitive roads greatly increased the 
distance. 



16 AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL OUTLINES. 

With the aid of some of the old 
hunters of that region, who understood 
the government surveys, father located 
one-half section, or 320 acres of wood- 
land. 

Before I had fully recovered from 
the outward trip, we set out on our 
return to Cincinnati; and in doing so 
we were advised to pass through Eliz- 
abethtown, situated near the State line, 
as the shortest route. Here we were 
further advised (to avoid the delay and 
uncertainty of fording or crossing two 
rivers). to incline southward through a 
long stretch of woods, so as to strike 
the Miami River below 7 the mouth of 
Whitewater, where a ferry was kept. 
In passing through this wood we were 
beset by a drove of swine that ap- 
peared to be wild, and who pursued us 
with apparent evil intent. We became 
much alarmed, and were about taking to 



MEMORIES OF SEVENTY YEARS. 17 

a tree to avoid them, when the brutes 
gave up the chase, and we arrived at 
the ferry well-nigh exhausted by run- 
ning. The ferry-house was located on 
the east bank of the river. To hail 
the house, father seized a tin horn, sus- 
pended from a tree for that purpose, 
and blew a blast that brought out the 
good woman of the house, who informed 
us that her man had gone up the river 
for a load of corn, but would soon re- 
turn. 

Well-nigh two hours were we de- 
tained. Father became anxious lest 
the swine might again come upon us ; 
and the more anxious were we, as a 
thunder-storm was then brewing. 

After crossing, and wending our 
way, the storm broke upon us with 
great violence. There was no shelter, 
and, of course, we were drenched to 
the skin. So sudden and so great was 



18 AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL OUTLINES. 

this rain-fall, of less than one-half hour, 
that it caused a small creek we were 
approaching to become impassable. 
Here we were detained, waiting for the 
water to subside, chilled to the bone 
in our wet clothing. We reached the 
Ohio River road before darkness set 
in, and soon after put up at a tavern 
for the night. So sick had I become 
by the events of the day as to be com- 
pelled to retire to bed supperless. But 
never did a boy sleep sounder, and 
arise in the morning more refreshed, 
and with a better appetite for break- 
fast. 

In relating our experiences, mother, 
who expected it to be a mere pleasure 
jaunt for me, was much affected, and 
regretted giving permission to make 
the trip. She declared it to be cruel 
for a boy of twelve years to foot forty 
miles in one day, and then return in a 



MEMORIES OF SEVENTY YEARS. 19 

weakened condition ; and then to suffer 
such a scare with wild swine ! and then 
get drenched to the skin in a violent 
storm, and remain so long in wet cloth- 
ing, which brought on a sudden sick- 
ness from exhaustion and excitement! 
The Government Land-office was 
then held in Cincinnati, on Front Street, 
between Broadway and Sycamore, and 
the writer thinks that Morgaa Neville 
was the receiver. The Register's office 
was situated on the north side of what 
is now called Pearl Street, just east of 
Lawrence Street. Peyton S. Symmes 
was then the Register, and resided in 
a stone house on the south side of the 
street, opposite to the office. It was a 
superior house in its day; and it re- 
mained to. be one of the old East End 
landmarks until about the year 1883, 
when it was demolished. I well remem- 
ber going with my father to the Regis- 



20 AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL OUTLINES. 

ter's office in the Summer of 1817, and 
therefore observed some of the near 
surroundings. 

Another East End landmark is jet 
standing. The late Joseph Coppin, who 
was reputed to be equal to an index, 
and a directory to property and per- 
sons of the East End, informed the 
writer that he erected for James Whit- 
aker, in the year 1817, a dwelling- 
house; "and," said he, "it was built 
away outside of the corporation, on 
the road to Columbia, and your father 
built the spiral stairs, and the carved 
and fluted mantels therein, just sixty- 
eight years ago, and they were sup- 
posed to be the first of the kind erected 
in the West." 

The house is a two-story brick, with 
a central hall. It stands on the north 
side of Front Street, about three or 
four hundred feet west of Collard 



MEMORIES OF SEVENTY YEARS. 21 

Street, and sits well up and back from 
the street, with a stone wall in front. 

But another, an earlier, and a more 
interesting landmark observed by the 
writer, was the Fifth Street Mound, 
at the north-west corner of Fifth and 
Mound Streets. The period of its 
erection is unknown, as the builders 
existed prior to all written or tradi- 
tional history. The writer stood upon 
its summit in the Summer of 1817, 
when it was nearly in its integrity. 
But to the regret of very many it was 
soon after defaced, and finally removed 
about or before the year 1840. 

In the Spring of 1818 the family was 
removed to the land so entered, into a 
log-house built for us by Peter Bonte, 
an elder brother of the late John Bonte, 
who was the father of John Bonte's 
Sons, of this city, the enterprising man- 
ufacturers and business men of to-day. 



22 AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL OUTLINES. 

After getting all possible informa- 
tion in regard to the requirements of 
a new and wooded country, my father 
provided every then known tool and 
appliance suitable for the work be- 
fore him, and brother and I were sup- 
plied with light- w T eight axes to learn 
chopping. Brother did not survive 
long after this removal; and after the 
first year father and I did the most of 
the log-rolling with the cant-hooks, 
sawed the plank for the upper floor of 
the house with the whip-saw, to replace 
the clapboard floor; butted all the logs 
for fence-rails with the crosscut-saw. 

Father was disposed to be mathe- 
matically correct in the making of fence- 
rails. He would, therefore, have none 
of the common standard (eleven feet) 
with chopped and rough ends, and of 
irregular lengths. Ten feet precisely 
was the length, butted at both ends. 



MEMORIES OF SEVENTY YEARS. 23 

This, of course, made the neatest fence, 
if it were not for the incongruity of neat- 
ness being applied to any worm-fence. 

I believe it is pretty well known 
that in a heavily wooded country it re- 
quires four or five years constant hard 
work before the productions of the farm 
will' justify much disposal of the prod- 
ucts; therefore father had to be absent 
about two-thirds of the time, to earn 
money to meet the land payments. Con- 
sequently the most of the farm labor 
devolved on the rest of us. Fortu- 
nately mother had a, partial farm train- 
ing. She was, therefore, never at a 
loss to do and direct. 

Among other productions of the soil 
my parents were partial to flax. This 
the writer would break after it was 
rotted, and then scutch and heckle the 
same. Cotton was bought in Law- 
renceburg, which my mother would 



24 AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL OUTLINES. 

card by hand, and then spin the cotton 
and flax on a spinning-wheel, made by 
father when at home. He also con- 
structed a loom with a fly-shuttle, be- 
lieved to be the first fly-shuttle in all 
that region; and did his own weaving, 
while mother did the dyeing, and then 
cut and made all the garments after a 
fashion. 

In the first years we often suffered 
for the want of some of the essentials 
of life. Such products as could be 
spared were sometimes taken to Law- 
renceburg, and bartered for something 
the most pressing. There was little 
or no money in circulation, except some 
cut money for making change, say, 
quarter silver pieces cut into four 
equal parts. About this period the 
writer did, on one occasion, sell chickens 
in Lawrenceburg for six and one-fourth 
cents apiece, for this quartered money. 



MEMORIES OF SEVENTY YEARS. 25 

At that early period, and in that 
region notedly, there were no facilities 
for educating the young, but with our 
Eastern school-books and other useful 
works, we were enabled to make some 
progress in various educational branches. 

It was a great comfort and a delight 
in the long Winter nights to be able to 
read aloud to the rest of the family, 
by the light of the log-fire, the shell- 
bark of the hickory, or the dimmer 
light of a lard-lamp; and I verily be- 
lieve that the impressions so received, 
and the remembrances born in the soli- 
tude of the woods, sink deeper and are 
more enduring than when acquired in 
a great, noisy city, with its many dis- 
tracting and diverting influences. 

My father's religious convictions 
strictly forbade all kinds of labor on the 
Sabbath-day, and especially did he for- 
bid hunting or shooting on that day. 



26 AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL OUTLINES. 

No reading was allowed except the 
Bible and the Shorter Catechism; no 
idle talk, laughing, whistling, or singing, 
except the Psalms of David, on that 
day. 

On one of those pressing occasions 
for fresh meat, a flock of turkeys made 
their appearance near the stables on a 
Sunday morning. I reported immedi- 
ately, and begged permission for a shot. 
Mother was willing; father was not. 
Mother and I finally prevailed, on the 
condition that I was pretty sure to hit 
the mark. This I succeeded in doing, 
which caused father to smile audibly. 
There was great rejoicing in that log- 
house, and the shooting was voted a 
clear case of necessity and mercy. 

The splendid woods at that early 
period were filled with wild flowers in 
their season. Every thing went lovely 
the first Summer, followed by the 



MEMORIES OF SEVENTY YEARS. 27 

serene and mellow autumnal weather, or 
Indian Summer. 

It had been announced that cattle 
could find their own living in the woods 
until near Christmas, and that the Win- 
ters were mild and short. 

My parents soon found this to be a 
delusion, and suffered greatly before 
the log-house could be made comfortable. 
There was no want of ventilation in that 
house, as a blowing snow-storm would 
sift through the joints of the clapboards 
of the roof, and cover the bed where I 
slept in the loft as with a sheet. 

On one occasion, on my return from 
Lawrenceburg on horseback, and being 
but thinly clad, a freezing rain, or storm 
of sleet, set in, which completely en- 
folded me with a sheet of ice. So rigid 
was this, and so chilled was I as to be- 
come completely helpless, and had to 
be lifted from the saddle. 



28 AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL OUTLINES. 

During the first three or four years 
the writer experienced some very rough 
living, and hard work in helping to 
clear the land and plow among the 
roots, many of which had a penchant 
for springing back with force enough to 
break an ankle. Then, in the Winter 
season, in the absence of father, it was 
not at all pleasant, in the dead of night, 
to hear the howl of the wolf, and the 
sounds produced by the panther and 
other wild beasts. This was of fre- 
quent occurrence. At such times the 
door was well barred at night, the fowl- 
ing-piece was double-shotted, the rifle 
charged with buckshot in addition to 
the ball, the flints w T ere picked, the 
priming renewed, and every precaution 
taken before night to w T ell secure the 
younger animals. 

At certain seasons deer and turkey 
could be seen daily, and almost hourly, 



ME3I0RIES OF SEVENTY YEARS. 29 

crossing our path. The rifle was often 
utilized with effect ; and nothing will, 
I believe, make a boy feel prouder than 
when he brings down his first deer. 

With becoming modesty the writer 
would like to say that he did, on one 
occasion, drop twenty squirrels in suc- 
cession, out of twenty-one discharges 
of the rifle; but this was done with a 
rest, and not off-hand. 

On one occasion when the ground 
was covered with snow, and we were 
sorely in want of meat, I set out with 
the rifle, and succeeded in fatally 
wounding a deer in the dusk of the 
evening; but darkness coming on, I 
could no longer follow the blood-stained 
track. Being now two miles from 
home, and certain of securing the game 
in the morning, I retraced my steps. 

On the following morning, bright 
and early, and with a light heart in 



30 AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL OUTLINES. 

anticipation of a supply of flesh so 
much needed, I repaired to the locality 
left the night before; and but a few 
rods in advance of the previous night, 
scattered about in the snow, were the 
bones of the deer, the flesh having been 
devoured by a pack of wolves. My 
disappointment was great; and it is a 
serious question with me to this day 
whether I did not make a narrow es- 
cape from the ferocious brutes the night 
before. 

On one other occasion the writer was 
in great peril. Foot-sore, and faint for 
the want of sustenance, after a journey 
of thirty miles in the early Winter, and 
when within a mile or two of home, 
darkness set in on entering a dense 
wood, through which ran an imperfect 
roadway, difficult to follow, when the 
howl of the wolf saluted my ears. I 
found that the brutes were following, 



MEMORIES OF SEVENTY YEARS. 31 

and flanking me but a few rods distant. 
This was evident to me, as the crack- 
ling of the dead underbrush and other 
signs indicated. Without any defen- 
sive weapon whatever, my only course 
was to continue on, without looking to 
the right or left, for fear of missing the 
way, or stumbling and falling over the 
many obstructions, which would have 
been the signal of attack by the brutes ; 
but fortunately the clearing was reached 
in safety. 

You may be sure I was intensely 
excited. The great mental and phys- 
ical strain endured on that trying occa- 
sion completely prostrated me for a 
time, until nursed back to life. 

In the first years panthers were 
about. The body of a missing swine 
was found within the clearing com- 
pletely disemboweled, and the choicest 
pieces devoured. We were unable to 



32 AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL OUTLINES. 

account for the destroyer until the old 
hunters of that day informed us that 
was the way the panther did its 
work. 

During this life in the woods the 
writer paid frequent visits to Cincin- 
nati. In doing so, there were two riv- 
ers and a number of creeks to cross. 
The streams were then destitute of 
bridges or ferries, except an occasional 
ferry at the Great Miami River; there- 
fore the traveler was at times put to 
great inconvenience. 

On my return from one of these 
visits in the Winter season, when the 
streams were partially frozen, on reach- 
ing Whitewater on foot, no promise 
of an immediate lift to the other side 
whs visible; therefore I had to de- 
cide between waiting in the cold or 
wading the icy stream. I chose the lat- 
ter; but no estimate had been made of 



MEMORIES OF SEVENTY YEARS. 33 

the difficulty of replacing stockings and 
shoes on wounded, wet, and swollen 
feet. This detained me at least one- 
half hour; and it was this very deten- 
tion that caused the belatement that 
led to my last encounter with wolves 
in the night. 

After seven years of toil, sacrifices, 
and suffering, without any productive 
or promising results, my parents he- 
came somewhat discouraged, and con- 
cluded that it w T ould require a life-time 
to acquire a competency in that local- 
ity, inasmuch as the land was not very 
productive, and the roads to market 
were inferior; and that it was almost 
impossible to keep a good horse, on ac- 
count of the many horse-thieves then 
roaming the country; and they further 
concluded that it would he decidedly 
to my interest to learn some mechan- 
ical branch of business ; either house or 



34 AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL OUTLINES. 

marine architecture, or, rather, the con- 
struction of steam machinery. 

Father recommended carpentry and 
joinery, as being one of the most healthy, 
useful, and cleanly of all the branches, 
and suggested that, to secure employ- 
ment in most other mechanical pur- 
suits, the applicant was obliged to seek 
the manufacturing towns, or special 
localities. Not so with a carpenter, 
joiner, or a good wood-worker. These 
were in constant demand anywhere 
on this broad continent, city or coun- 
try, and, as producers of the per- 
manent values of the country, were 
among the most useful and deserving 
citizens, and therefore as worthy of 
recognition and respect, in every sense, 
as a wow-producer of such values; and 
such mechanical knowledge could not 
be lost to the possessor, but would 
prove a good investment always ; 



MEMORIES OF SEVENTY YEARS. 35 

whereas, a trader, merchant, or other 
business man, is much more subject to 
disaster in trade, and will generally 
suffer more when the end comes. To 
prove this, statistics were quoted, show- 
ing that in some Eastern city (Boston, 
I think) nineteen-twentieths of all 
those engaged in merchandising died 
insolvent. Therefore, in accordance 
with the parental views, in the Spring 
of 1825 a situation was obtained for 
me with the late Joseph Jones, con- 
tractor and builder, who resided on the 
south-west corner of Pike and Fifth 
Streets, with whom I resided, and 
wrought for a season to learn the use- 
ful calling of carpentry and joinery: 
my parents soon after this renting the 
farm and removing to the city. 

In the Summer of 1828 I was em- 
ployed by the late Anthony Harkness, 
to assist in erecting his first building, 



36 AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL OUTLINES. 

on the north side of Front Street, just 
east of Lawrence Street, for the manu- 
facture of steamboat machinery and 
sugar-mills. I then engaged perma- 
nently with the said Harkness, to as- 
sist in making patterns and drawings 
for such machinery. This suited me 
better than my former employment, 
and I made great progress therein, as 
draughtsman, foreman, and as assist- 
ant superintendent, so that, finally, 
after a continuous service in this line 
of twenty-five years, I assumed a con- 
trolling interest in the works, and, 
in conjunction with John G. Richard- 
son (who for a time held an interest in 
the concern), a lease for twenty years 
was obtained of the grounds and the 
buildings, Mr. Harkness retiring with a 
fortune. Other and outside productive 
interests had he; but in so far as the 
estate was accumulated by or through 



MEMORIES OF SEVENTY YEARS. 37 

said works, the writer claims to have 
been largely instrumental, having de- 
voted the best twenty-five years of his 
young life entirely to the interests of 
the said Harkness. 

About or before the year 1846 the 
works under Mr. Harkness, my prede- 
cessor, had drifted, in a limited degree, 
into the construction of locomotive en- 
gines, in addition to the standard pro- 
ductions. But, unfortunately, at the 
time w 7 e assumed the control of the 
works, many of the products were for 
the Southern market. Long credits 
were sometimes given, which, after a 
time and in many cases, w 7 ere extended 
into the commencement of the Civil 
War, and therefore the claims could. not 
be collected when due, and were either 
repudiated or confiscated. 

About the year 1863, or later, the 
demand for locomotives by the govern- 



38 AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL OUTLINES. 

ment, to convey troops and supplies 
south, taxed our limited capacity in 
that line to the utmost. But for the 
want of the means we were unable to 
increase our facilities for locomotive 
production; whereas the Eastern con- 
structors of locomotives made it a spe- 
cialty, and were all connected with bank- 
ers or other moneyed parties. They, 
therefore, greatly enlarged or doubled 
their capacit}' for such production; con- 
sequently, when the war terminated 
and business returned in some degree 
into the usual channels, those Eastern 
houses Avere determined to continue to 
run to their capacity, and as an induce- 
ment to that end they began to give 
time — to take bonds, stocks, and other 
securities for their productions, which 
we w T ere unable to do; therefore our 
income from that source declined. We 
did other government work also, but 



MEMORIES OF SEVENTY YEARS. 39 

mostly indirectly, by assisting the con- 
tractors in the construction of four 
monitors for the government. 

For the two low- water monitors — 
Klamath and Yuma — w T e did furnish 
labor and supplies to the amount of 
$261,267. The balance due at the end 
was $61,700. This claim was disputed 
by the contractors, and it went to arbi- 
tration at their own request; but they 
repudiated the award, and possessing 
the greater means they defied us. 

The claim was then put into the 
hands of a law firm for collection ; when 
this firm, after only two or three days' 
service, so compromised the claim that, 
after paying the charges ($2,000) we 
only realized $21,675 — a reduction 
altogether or a clear loss of $40,000. 
Almost a confiscation. 

We submitted to this rather than 
enter into an expensive and tedious 



40 AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL OUTLINES. 

lawsuit, that, in all human probability, 
would have eaten up the entire claim. 

At the close of the war we essayed 
to establish a branch house or agency 
in New Orleans, for the sale of our 
goods. In this endeavor we experi- 
enced a further loss of well-nigh 
$20,000. 

Our yearly expenses in keeping up 
the organization of the works — that is, 
paying rents, taxes, assessments of 
every nature, interest money, and the 
salaries of several foremen — summed 
up to $32,000 yearly. This expendi- 
ture was constant, and existed inde- 
pendent of the cost of material and the 
labor pay-rolls, which latter at times 
footed up to more than $5,000 
weekly. 

During this period of sixteen 
years — that is, from the year 1852 to 
1868 — we paid to, and on account of, 



MEMORIES OF SEVENTY YEARS. 41 

the Harkness estate the sum of 
$225,000. 

In the struggle to recuperate and 
regain our former footing, we further 
receded, or weakened an additional 
$60,000 before the firm of Robert 
Moore & Sons made the assignment 
in March, 1868. 

It will be seen that the events of 
the Civil War eventually brought ruin 
to our business, besides the loss of 
much of the writer's life-long earnings. 
When our memory now reverts to 
that period, the wonder is how the 
works were sustained so long (sixteen 
years) under such heavy expenses, and 
the many other adverse circumstances. 
But the writer was then in the vigor 
of manhood, hopeful and energetic. 

In the Spring of 1869, friends of 
the writer came forward in the hour 
of need, and unsolicited, nominated, 



42 AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL OUTLINES. 

and the people elected him to the 
office of City Treasurer, which po- 
sition he held without opposition for 
three consecutive terms (six years), 
for which he felt very grateful, and 
especially does he feel grateful to 
those friends who so willingly came 
forward, and became responsible for 
his faithful execution of the public 
trust. 

Thousands of details have been 
omitted that were of thrilling interest 
to the writer, and would be so to 
others were they only embellished 
with the imagery of the novelist. 

It is now fitting that the writer re- 
turn to the 17th day of January, 1828, 
when he was married, in Dearborn 
County, Indiana, to Helen M. Gedney, 
who was born at Yonkers, New York, 
on the 31st day of March, 1808, and 



MEMORIES OF SEVENTY YEARS. 43 

who for years trusted and waited, until 
the conditions justified us in assuming 
the new relation. 

Many happy days were in the 
earlier years when working for a lov- 
ing wife and interesting children; but 
not for the wealth of a Vanderbilt 
would the writer return, if he could, 
and accept a repetition of all the past. 

We have now maintained an 
earthly home for the long period of 
fifty-eight years, and are nearing the 
end, waiting and looking every day to 
be called away to our Father's House 
in the immortal life, where earthly 
pains and sorrows can not enter to 
disturb the home of the spirit. 

September, 1886. 



APPENDIX, 

ENUMERATING 

THE EARLY STEAM-ENGINE BUILDERS OF THE 

OLD THIRD WARD, AND THE SHIP OR 

STEAMBOAT BUILDERS OF FULTON, 

ADJOINING ON THE EAST ; 

ALSO 

THE CAUSES THAT LED TO THE HIGH TIDE IN THE 
OHIO RIVER IN THE YEARS 1883 AND 1884. 



The Early Steam-Engine Builders. 

It was as early as, or before, the year 
1825, and it was the old Third Ward, 
and Fulton adjoining on the east, that 
then, and for many years thereafter, 
constituted one great workshop in the 
production of river steamers, sugar- 
mills, and miscellaneous machinery for 
land purposes. 

Cincinnati then, and for a long pe- 
riod, supplied the surrounding country 



46 APPENDIX. 

for more than fifty miles with land 
engines and mill-work. 

Great four-horse wagons, loaded 
with the products of the mills and 
the fields from that distance, would fre- 
quently return laden with land engines 
and mill machinery. 

The writer has known work of this 
nature to be conveyed by river to this 
city for repairs some three hundred 
miles. 

This demand continued for many 
years, but now every county in every 
Northern State sustains at least one 
machine-shop and foundry. 

The writer does not think the 
proper credit was ever accorded these 
early industries that gave Cincinnati 
her first great boom that sent her on the 
road to prosperity. 

The many work-hands that were 
necessarily employed in these indus- 



EARL Y STEM-ENGINE B UILDERS. 47 

tries, and the many families that were 
fed and clothed by them, were more 
than one thousand times the force re- 
quired to equip the merchant or the 
middle-men. 

Middle-men are very useful to a 
degree, and absolutly essential, but 
when they run into speculation and 
gambling in the essentials of life, they 
become a curse, as many of them take 
from or rob both the producer and 
consumer; but they eventually reap 
their reward, for it is a recorded fact 
that more than nineteen-twentieths of 
all so engaged die insolvent. 

It was about the year 1828 when 
the first sugar-mills were here manu- 
factured for the Louisiana coast, or 
the lower country, as it was called. 

I well remember when some French- 
men arrived from Louisiana, and brought 
with them some cedar-made cog-wheel 



48 APPENDIX. 

patterns for the ends of the sugar- 
rollers as models, and requested Mr. 
Harkness (my employer) to construct 
a number of mills, with the engines to 
drive them. 

This was a large undertaking at 
that day in the new and incomplete 
facilities of the establishment for such 
work. 

Mr. Harkness agreed to build the 
mills, providing a certain bank w^ould 
assist him pecuniarily. The bank 
granted this assistance, and thereafter 
a large amount of work of this nature 
w r as produced by the firm of Hark- 
ness, Voorhese & Co., for the lower 
country. 

At an early day (1825), on the 
south-west corner of Broadway and 
Fifth Streets, stood the machine-shop 
of Graham & Drennan, who were 
soon succeeded by Yeatman, Wilson 



EARL Y STEAM-ENGINE B UILDERS. 49 

& Shield, and it was here that the 
Shield brothers, George and Edward, 
obtained their mechanical education. 

On the north-east corner of Broad- 
way and Pearl Streets stood a 
machine-shop, and the upper story 
thereof was utilized for carding and 
spinning cotton or wool. These two 
branches were managed by Goodloe 
& Harkness, two men so much alike 
that they could not agree, and separated 
in the year 1827, Mr. Harkness building 
and removing to the north side of Front 
Street, just east of Lawrence Street; 
the writer assisting in the erection, of 
this, his first building, and then con- 
tinuing in, and growing up with the 
plant, and succeeding to a controlling 
interest therein in the year 1852. 

Mr. Goodloe erected a foundry on 
the north side of Pearl Street, between 
Broadway and Ludlow Streets, and 

4 



50 APPENDIX. 

built many engines in conjunction with 
his brother, Joseph Goodloe. 

Among the earliest steamboat 
engine builders were the brothers 
Robert and Caleb Green. The former 
afterward became a broker on the 
north-west corner of Main and Third 
Streets. These brothers had, as early 
as 1825 or 1826, an engine-shop on 
Front Street, between Butler Street 
and Deer Creek bridge, and the writer 
remembers that they built a low-pres- 
sure engine for a vessel called the 
Clinton, and that she was commanded 
for a time by one Joel Green, who, 
for a long period thereafter, followed 
the river as a first-class steamboat 
engineer. 

Jabez Reynolds, about or before 
the year 1825, built and operated for 
a time an engine-shop on the north- 
west corner of Front and Pike Streets. 



EARL Y STEA 31- ENGINE B UILDRS. 5 1 

Wilder, Lyons & Co., at a very 
early day, probably before the year 
1825, had an engine-shop on Front 
Street, just east of Butler Street, and 
the rear thereof was connected with 
Butler Street; and, if the writer is not 
much mistaken, they were succeeded 
by David Powell, on Butler Street, 
who built a. foundry of stone on said 
street, and it was always called Pow- 
ell's Stone Foundry. 

Bake well & King, on the west 
side of Butler Street, north of Front 
Street, built many engines as far back 
as 1829 or 1830. About this period 
Yeatman & George Shield succeeded 
Jabez Reynolds on the north-west 
corner of Front and Pike Streets. 

Anthony Harkness, about the year 
1845, added this corner to his increas- 
ing necessities for locomotive pro- 
duction; Yeatman & George Shield 



52 APPENDIX. 

building, and removing to the north side 
of Front Street, between Deer Creek 
bridge and Kilgour Street. This firm 
here built the machinery for the 
steamer Duke of Orleans, which vessel 
made the quickest trip on record from 
New Orleans to Cincinnati, and her 
time has never been approached. The 
firm was, however, soon compelled to 
yield this location for railroad pur- 
poses, and removed to the south- 
west corner of Pearl and Kilgour 
Streets. 

William Tift, on the south-west 
corner of Ludlow and Second Streets, 
was a prominent manufacturer of ma- 
chinery in the year 1828 or 1829, and 
he built many sugar- mills for the 
South. 

Hanks & Niles, or the Mies Broth- 
ers, who had a foundry and a machine- 
shop on Main Street, several squares 



EARL Y STEAM-ENGINE B UILDERS. 53 

north of the canal, bought out William 
Tift and his good-will in the sugar- 
mill line, and built a large establish- 
ment on Front Street, just west of 
Deer Creek bridge, to prosecute this 
work; Mr. Tift for a time acting as 
agent down South for the Niles 
Brothers. 

Martin Anschutz, at an early day, 
had an engine-shop and foundry on the 
south side of Front Street, between 
Lawrence and Ludlow Streets, and 
was succeeded by C. T. Dumont, who 
conducted it to a late period. 

Edward Shield was for a time an 
engine-builder on the south side of 
Front, a few doors west of Lawrence 
Street. 

Lyons & Bell had a machine-shop 
on the north side of Front, between 
Ludlow and Lawrence Streets. 

David Griffey, on the south side of 



54 APPENDIX. 

Pearl, just west of Lawrence Street, 
and running through to Second or Co- 
lumbia Street, maintained for a time 
an engine-shop and foundry. 

Warden & McLellan, after their 
predecessors, have maintained, and con- 
tinue to maintain and conduct, an en- 
gine-shop on the west side of Broadway, 
between Second and Front Streets. 

I. & E. Greenwald, on the north 
side of Pearl, just west of Deer Creek, 
did for many years furnish, and con- 
tinue to furnish, a large amount of mill 
work and land engines mainly. 

Kilgour foundry and machine-shop, 
on the corner of Third and Lock Streets, 
managed by Joseph Bell. 

All these enumerated engine-shops 
and foundries were located in the old 
Third Ward; but the earliest of them 
seemed to cluster about the foot of But- 
ler Street. There were, however, other 



EARL Y STEAM-ENGINE B UILDERS. 55 

important plants of that nature scat- 
tered north and west. 

Miles Greenwood, or Webb & Green- 
wood, on the canal, west of Main Street, 
did a large business in machinery pro- 
duction. 

James Todd, on the south-west cor- 
ner of Seventh and Smith Streets, 
where now stands St. Paul Church, 
operated for many years an engine- 
shop and foundry. 

Mr. Bevin had a foundry on the 
south-west corner of Vine and Sixth 
Streets, where now stands the Me- 
chanics' Institute. 

Lane&Bodley, on Water Street, near 
the foot of Western Row, have for many 
years conducted a very important en- 
gine-shop and foundry in the production 
of all kinds of machinery, with the ex- 
ception possibly of steamboat engines ; 
and if the writer is not greatly mis- 



56 APPENDIX. 

taken these works succeeded the firm 
of Reynolds, Kite & Tatem, who first 
started the plant. 

Holiberd, west of these works, on 
the river bank, maintained for a time 
an engine-shop and foundry. 

No doubt there were other plants 
of like nature that have been omitted, 
and that the writer can not now call 
to mind. 

Alexander Latta, although men- 
tioned last, was not the least of engine- 
builders. The writer believes that he 
was born — or, at least, that he spent 
his youthful days — in the old Third 
Ward, where he was always noted for 
his mechanical ingenuity. For a time 
he built stationary engines and other 
machinery, but he finally drifted to and 
located on the west side of Race Street, 
adjoining the district school-house, be- 
tween Fourth and Fifth Streets, and 



EARL Y STEAM-ENGINE B UJLDERS. hi 

here be succeeded by degrees in devel- 
oping the steam fire-engine into useful- 
ness, against many discouragements. 
He had to submit for a time to obloquy, 
sneers, and ridicule from those who did 
not want to see the new fire department 
a success. But he was assisted pecun- 
iarily and encouraged with kind words 
by such noble men as the late Griffin 
Taylor and a few others; and, in grat- 
itude for this support and sympathy, 
the writer is under the impression that 
he named a son Griffin Taylor Latta. 

It was thus with a few firm friends, 
and with the energy and ability dis- 
played by Miles Greenwood, that iron 
man, who appears to have been made 
expressly for the occasion, that the 
new steam fire department fought its 
way to success against the element 
that was opposed to it. 

The writer knew Mr. Latta well, 



58 APPENDIX. 

and is pretty certain that he shortened 
his earthly career by his close and per- 
sistent devotion to his pet theories. He 
informed the writer that he slept but 
little, and would lie awake the most of 
the night trying to solve some mechan- 
ical problem. 

When Mr. Latta built the steam 
fire-engine called the Citizens Gift, the 
writer, who was then in the locomotive 
and marine-engine building line, was 
one of one hundred persons or firms 
that subscribed one hundred dollars 
each to the purchase. 

Mr. Latta was a great public bene- 
factor, and his life was a self-sacrificing 
one, for he was never adequately re- 
warded for the good he did to and for 
the city of Cincinnati. 



FOUNDRIES. . 59 



FOUNDRIES 
Wherein Castings alone were Produced. 



One of the first to come under the 
observation of the writer was in the 
year 1826, and it was called the T-item 
foundry, and it was situated on the 
west side of Plum Street, just below 
Third Street. The frame dwellings 
built for the occupancy of the work- 
hands are yet standing (December, 
1886) on the south side of Third Street, 
running west from the corner of Plum 
Street, This plant was managed by the 
father and several sons. The youngest 
son, whose name was Henry L. Tatem, 
was the book-keeper, and was at a later 
period for a time superintendent of the 
city water-works, and he was also the 
father of H. H. Tatem, the well-known 



60 APPENDIX. 

auditor and secretary of the Southern 
Railroad Company. 

Bakewell & Cartwright, about the 
year 1829, had a foundry on Front 
Street, just west of Butler Street. 

Hugh White, about or before the 
year 1828, conducted a foundry on the 
novih side of Second or Columbia Street, 
between Lawrence and Ludlow Streets. 

John Nash, at a later day, owned 
and managed a foundry on the south 
side of Pearl Street, a little east of 
Deer Creek. 

There were other small foundries 
that made castings a specialty, but the 
writer can not now call them to mind. 

In the earlier years the most of the 
engine-shops in the old Third Ward 
purchased their castings of those foun- 
dries that made such work a specialty; 
but the larger shops soon found it de- 
cidedly to their interest to produce 



SHIP- YARDS IN F UL TON. 6 1 

their own castings, wherein lay the 
profit, as the greatest values were pro- 
duced in the shortest period with the 
least outlay for labor. 



SHIR- YARDS IN FULTON 



The writer was only partially ac- 
quainted in Fulton preceding the year 
1826 ; therefore he can not speak know- 
ingly of any ship-yards that were in 
existence prior to the above date, but 
he has been credibly informed that 
William Parsons was the earliest and 
most prominent builder of steamboat 

hulls. 

The Weeks ship-yard was the first 
personally known to the writer in the 
year 1826. It was located on Front 
Street, or, as it was then called, the road 



62 APPENDIX. 

to Columbia, some five hundred feet 
east of the intersection of Front and 
Pearl Streets, and nearly opposite to 
the old Litherbury residence, which 
may be recognized by a dilapidated 
brick wall in front. 

The writer well remembers the 
father, who was the head of the firm, 
and whose name, I believe, w T as Ste- 
phen Weeks, and the four sons as fol- 
lows : Harry, John, Thomas, and Syl- 
vester Weeks. All are deceased, except 
the latter, and the youngest, who is now 
a resident of the Old Man's Home, on 
Walnut Hills. 

Thomas Weeks appeared to the 
writer as being the leading spirit in 
the ship-yard. 

Two dwelling-houses were erected 
on the north side of the road, a few 
doors east of the Litherbury residence, 
one for the father and the other for 



SHIP- YARDS IN FULTON. 63 

Thomas Weeks ; find the writer wrought 
at the interior finish of both dwellings. 
The former is yet standing, but the 
latter has been displaced. 

Mr. Litberbury married a daughter 
of Stephen Weeks. He was, therefore, 
a brother-in-law of the brothers; and 
he was, also, in conjunction with one 
Lockwood, engaged in ship-building in 
that region, and Mr. Litherbury con- 
tinued so to build until about the year 
1855 or 1860. 

Then there were the Gordons — 
William Gordon, Archibald Gordon — 
Burton Hazen, and others, all of whom 
served their apprenticeship with Will- 
iam Parsons, and afterward conducted 
ship yards of their own. 

Joseph Coppin, who came to Cincin- 
nati in the year 1805, and who learned 
carpentry and joinery, was for a time 
engaged in the building of steamboat 



64 APPENDIX. 

hulls and cabins, and his ship-yard was 
located just west of the old Schultz 
brewery, and near the ground lately 
occupied by the Goodhue stone-yard. 

Saunders Hartshorn at one time 
conducted a ship-yard away up where 
now stands the ship-yard and saw-mill 
of James Mack, who is now, and has 
been for many years, a builder of steam- 
boat hulls. 

Samuel Hambleton was for many 
years an enterprising builder of steam- 
boat hulls. 

There were others engaged in steam- 
boat building, but the writer can not 
now call them to mind. 

It will be seen that the bank of the 
river in Fulton was at one time lined 
for miles with ship-yards. 



t 

THE HIGH TIDES. 65 



The High Tides of 1883 and 1884. 



In the preface to Flint's Geography 
of the Mississippi Valley, published in 
1833, Morgan Neville gives an inter- 
esting description of the flood of 1832, 
and makes some mention of the severe 
Winter weather just precedent thereto. 
This the writer has not seen in any 
late newspaper description of the sev- 
eral floods. 

Mr. Neville was raised on the 
banks of the Ohio River, at the town 
of Neville. He was a man of intelli- 
gence and close observation, and it will 
be seen from his communication that 
he had no knowledge of any previous 
tide leaching that of 1832, and he says 
nothing of a traditional flood. 

During this flood the writer was re- 
siding at the foot of Lawrence Street, 



66 APPENDIX. 

near that old landmark situated on the 
south-east corner of Pearl and Law- 
rence Streets, and only removed in the 
year 1883, the stone residence of the 
late Peyton S. Symmes, Esq., and he 
has therefore a most vivid recollection 
of the waters being six or seven feet 
deep in front of his residence. 

Mr. Neville was requested to write 
a description of this flood for insertion 
in Flint's Geography, then in course of 
publication. This he did during the 
existence and subsidence of the 
waters, when every thing pertaining 
thereto was fresh in his mind. 

It is very evident to the writer 
that the bed of the Ohio River at this 
place and the lower level of the city, 
will not now pnss as much water at 
high tide as it did in the year 1832, 
without a higher overflow. 

It is within the memory of some 



THE HIGH TIDES. 67 

yet living, that for mercenary reasons, 
numerous fills of two hundred feet or 
more have been pushed out into the 
river, and many riparian structures 
have been erected on both sides since 
the above date. Then there are the 
large ripraps at the base of the many 
bridge-piers, displacing the water-way. 
Then again, the lower level of the city 
is more solidly built up, largely so. 
since the year 1832, causing a further 
displacement. 

The writer is confident, therefore, 
that the capacity of the water-way has 
been by these encroachments reduced 
at least one-fourth since the year 1832. 

The river at Portsmouth, one hun- 
dred miles above, was not as high in 
1883 as it was in 1847. The real, and 
apparent extra water that came in 1884 
was due in most part to the above- 
mentioned obstructions, and in part to 



6% APPENDIX. 

the Little Miami, the Licking, and the 
many smaller streams coming out si- 
multaneously the second time at flood- 
height right on the top of the high 
tide in the Ohio, and re-enforced to some 
extent by the Great Miami, then un- 
usually high, backing up as it were, 
and retarding the current of the Ohio. 
Mr. Neville describes the current 
of the Ohio at Cincinnati in 1832 at 
six and one-quarter miles per hour, 
whereas it was less than five mile's per 
hour in 1884, showing most conclu- 
sively that the retardation of the cur- 
rent, and the piling-up of the waters, 
was mainly due to the many ob- 
structions. 



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